![]() We then say how many carbons are there in the molecule. As you can guess, aldo- goes together with an aldehyde, and keto- with the ketone-containing carbohydrates.Īs you can see from these examples, we start the name by saying that the molecule is an aldehyde using the aldo- prefix. We specify this in the name by adding aldo– or keto– prefix to the carbohydrate name. However, sugars will only have one aldehyde OR one ketone functional group. ![]() ![]() Carbohydrates generally have multiple alcohol functional groups, so we never focus on those. Sugars, or carbohydrates, have two major functional groups: an aldehyde or a ketone (both are collectively called carbonyls), and an alcohol functional group. Naming the Major Functional Group in a Carbohydrate So, when I say that we’re dealing with a hexose, that doesn’t mean much except for the fact that the molecule contains 6 carbons. This list includes glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, etc. For instance, there are 24 different hexoses (12 of which exist in nature). This type of a name, however, doesn’t tell us the exact nature of the molecule. For instance, the glucose is an example of a hexose because it has six carbons in the molecule. ![]() For instance, a triose is a carbohydrate with 3 carbons, while hexose is a carbohydrate with 6 carbons in the molecule. We use the greek numerals to call the number, aka tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and add the ending -ose to denote that it’s a carbohydrate. ![]()
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